Private consumption expenditure should advance further, buoyed by improved employment income and positive developments in the asset markets. 由于收入增加,加上资产市场转趋活跃,私人消费开支预计会进一步上升。
The increase of government expenditure promotes the private consumption just because government expenditure is of multiplier effect. 政府支出的增加之所以能够引致居民消费的增长,是由于政府支出具有乘数效应。
When local governments or individuals answer for the expenditure of public health, the expenditure of public health in equilibrium will be lower, the private consumption including individual health care expenditure will be higher, and consequently the level of social welfare will be lower. 如果由地方政府或私人选择公共卫生支出的水平,那么他们的最优选择是较低的公共卫生支出和较高的个人消费(内含个人医疗支出),整个社会的福利将会处于较低的水平状态。
Hence, our government can increase private consumption by means of increasing government expenditure so as to increase overall demand of the society, but in long-term economic balance it is inappropriate for the government to adopt expenditure policy to realize long-term economic growth. 因此,在短期内,政府可以通过增加支出增加居民消费以提高社会总需求;但在长期经济均衡时,政府不宜采用支出政策来实现长期经济目标。
Abstract Correct meaning of Crowding-out effect is the substitution of investment ( both private and public investments ) by consumption in a certain period ( both private and public consumption ), which does not only mean the substitution of private expenditure by government expenditure. 挤出效应的正确含义是指一定时期消费(私人消费或公共消费)对投资(私人投资或公共投资)的替代,而并非仅指政府开支对私人开支的替代。