With the continuous development of the advanced controller technology, engine management system ( EMS ) grows more and more powerful, accordingly the demand for electronic control system robustness also becomes higher and higher. 随着先进控制器开发技术的不断发展,发动机管理系统的功能越来越强大,相应地对发动机电子控制系统鲁棒性的要求也越来越高。