Short-term running exercise have positive effects on the white matter volume of middle-aged female rats and the total length of the capillaries in the white matter of middle-aged female and male rats. 短期跑步训练对中老年雌性大鼠白质、白质内毛细血管以及中老年雄性大鼠的大脑白质内毛细血管均有积极的作用。