If orthopnea causes awakening during the night and is relieved by sitting, it is called paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. 如果端坐呼吸引起夜间觉醒,经坐起缓解,是为阵发性夜间呼吸困难(PND)。
The most common complaint is shortness of breath, chiefly exertional dyspnea at first and then progressing to orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and rest dyspnea. 最常见的主诉是气短,最初主要是劳力性呼吸困难,然后发展成端坐呼吸,阵发性夜间呼吸困难(PND)和静息状态下呼吸困难。