Central banks have been net sellers of gold in only seven year since the ending of the Bretton Woods exchange rate agreement in 1971. 自1971年布雷顿森林汇率机制宣告结束以来,只有7个年份各央行是黄金净买家。
It could usefully provide information, technical expertise and " ruthless truth-telling ". But when the chips are down, an exchange rate agreement between key countries is the only realistic way forward. 在提供一些信息、专业技术经验和“无情的真相告知”方面,它是能发挥作用的,但一旦进入摊牌阶段,主要国家间的汇率协议(ERA)则是唯一可行的方式。
The Innovation and Pricing Policy about Forward Exchange Rate Agreement(ERA) 汇率连动远期协议的创新及定价
They need to choose their exchange rate arrangements by agreement. 它们需要依约选择自己的汇率机制。
Factors the influence interest : inflation rate, monetary policy, exchange rate policy, international agreement and international privity. 影响利率的因素:通货膨胀率,货币政策,汇率政策,国际协议,国际默契。